Task 13- Manipulating Time and Space

Some of the effects thats we used when making this piece of film is that we did a flash forward at the beginning to create tension and we also did a few colour filters at certain points.
Some of the transitions that we used when doing this is that we used a straight cut, we also used a fade.

Task 12- Transitions and effects

Transitions

Style of editing
The movement from one shot to the next is called a transition, different transitions can suggest different ideas to the audience and it can be therefore really important to choose the right one.

Straight cut
A straight cut is the most common and "invisible"form of transitions and a one shot move can instantaneously to the next without attracting the audience's attention, the straight cuts can help to retain reality and they can be used in continuity editing as they do not break the viewers suspension of disbelief.

Dissolves
A dissolve fades one shot off the screen while another shot is fading in. The audience will be able to see both shots at the mid-point of the dissolve, it may also suggest that the shots are connected in some way and it might also be two characters, places or objects. It might suggest that sometime has passed between the two shots.

Fades
A fade is a bit like a dissolve but instead of dissolving one shot into another it gradually darkening or lighting of an image until the screen becomes black or white, a fade indicates the start or end of a particular section of time within the narrative

Wipes
A wipe is quite an unusual transition because it is when one image is pushed off the screen by another, images can be pushed off the screen in any direction but it is more common for the image to be pushed off the left hand side. This movement is more consistent with the sense of time moving forward, A wipe signals the audience that they are been shown different locations that are also experiencing the same way.

Graphic match
A graphic match is a very specialised type of transition and it is not something that an editor adds between two shots but is more of a decision about which two shots to put next to each other, a graphic match is created when two shots similar in shape are placed next to each other. the graphic match tells the audience that there is a very important link between what ever it is they are seeing in the two shots.

Effects

They allow a film-maker to very effectively manipulate a diegetic time and space for example

- To show that a time period has changed in a flashback/forward

- To show a location is different

- To show time is moving quicker or slower than normal

An effect can be something really simple such as using a colour filter or it could be alternating the saturation of an image to either enhance the colour or remove it. making an image black and white if often used for flash backs and one common technique is alter the speed of the footage, a film which uses technique is the time machine because the time traveller enters the time machine and the environment changes as he travels through time.

Task 11- Creating pace with cross cutting

In this video it shows us in a piece of film creating pace and also making sure that it had cross cutting in it as well. we thought of a storyline for this piece of film and we tried to make sure that it had tension in it, i think that we did this in the storyline where someone's friend walks off with his girlfriend and they also had a stand off.

Task 10- Understanding pace

Speed of editing
In a film, each scene may only last a matter of seconds or it could continue for minutes but the length of each sequence establishes the pace of the film moving the action along, the speed of editing will help to determine the mood of what is taking place on the screen.

Creating pace
If the audience is to feel anxiety and suspense the ending so that it would be quick- the scenes/shots changing frequently for example in an action sequence: The Bourne Ultimatum.
If a relaxed mood is desired, the scenes last longer and change less frequently for example in a romantic comedy: The Notebook
Never the less a film need not have any editing, the film Russian Ark was filmed in one take using steadilam and a digital camera, this required split-second timing and organisation: Russian Ark
A trailer for a film needs to pack in detail from throughout the film, therefore the editing will be very fast.

Developing drama
Cross cutting can be used to very effectively develop a sense of drama. The death of casey in the opening scene of scream is made more dramatic by the cross cutting to her parents approaching and almost making it home in time to save her.

Task 9- Non- continuity editing

Non- continuity editing is a style of film making that was made popular throughout the 1950's and 1960's, film makers such as Jean Luc Goddard and Francois Truffaut pushed the limits of editing techniques and created a new style called "French new wave"

French new wave films used a carefree editing style and did not conform to the traditional editing etiquette of Hollywood films. French new wave editing often dew attention often drew attention to itself-reflexive nature (remanding the audience that they were watching a film). They often used material not often related to any narrative which kept the audience surprised and intrigued,

A bout de souffle (breathless)

The gap in action when seberg picked up the mirror is emphasised by the use of the jump cut, this can be used to startle the viewer and also draw the attention to something 

Breaking the 180 degree rule

They had ignored the 180 degree rule, lots of modern film makers still use this technique when they want to create a starting effect. if you cross or break the line characters will appear to swap positions on the screen often used to convey something is going wrong.

A Bout de Soufflé - Jean-Luc Goddard - Jump Cut

When they use a jump cut it could be to try to switch to a more interesting scene so that the viewers do not get bored of watching it

The Shining - Stanley Kubrick - Breaking the 180 Degree Rule

When they break the 180 degree rule in this film it could be to try and create confusion in the audience but it could also do this to try and match the scene that is currently been viewed.

The Hunger Games - Gary Ross - Breaking the 180 Degree Rule

in the hunger games when they break the 180 degree rule, this could create confusion but it can still make things a bit more interesting for the viewers that are watching it

Task 8- Using continuity editing techniques

In this clip that we recorded we matched all of the action so that is was on point with everything that was happening, we had also placed in the eye lien match so that the viewers where able to see what the actor was looking at. We had also placed in the shot, reverse shot so that it creates a more exciting scene for the viewers. In this clip we had followed the 180 degree rule so that the viewers do not get confused about what is happening, in this clip we was not able to fit in the point of view shot but if we did we would be able to see what is going on from the person's point of view.

Task 7- Understanding continuity editing

Continuity editing is what became known as a popular "Classical Hollywood" style of editing, it was developed by early European and American directors in particular D.W. Griffith in his films such as "The birth of a nation"
The classical style ensures temporal (Time) and spatial (space) continuity as a way of advancing narrative, using such techniques as the 180 degree rule, match on action and shot, reverse shot.

Why is this important?

This is important because it helps to retain a sense of realistic chronology and generates the feeling that time is moving forward. This does not mean that you cannot use a flashback or flash forward, as long as the narrative will still be seen to be progressing forward in an expected or realistic way.

key continuity techniques

Eye line match

This technique links two shots together, so we are able to see a character looking at something off of the screen and then we cut to a shot of what they are looking at. This allows the audience to experience an event in the film just as the character is experiencing it.

Match on action

This technique is used to link two different shots together, we could see a character start an action in one shot, then the camera cuts to a different angle and we see the character finish the action in the second shot. This technique ensures that the action seems like a natural and realistic movement

Shot, reverse shot

This technique links two shots together, the first shot reveals one character and then the the second shot reveals the second character. This allows the audience to connect the two characters and realise that they are interacting with each other.

180 degree rule

the 180 degree rule is a basic guide line that states that two characters (or other elements) in the same scene should always have the same left/right relationship to each other. If the camera passes over the imaginary axis connecting the two subjects, it is called crossing the line.